Epidemiological features of patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate in Western Parana

Aim: : To describe the clinical, demographic and environmental features associated with NSCL/P(nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate) patients born in western Parana state, Brazil. Methods: Thiscross-sectional, observational, retrospective study included 188 patients attended at the Associationof Carriers of Cleft Lip and Palate - APOFILAB, Cascavel-Parana, between 2012 and 2014.Information on demographic characteristics, medical and dental histories and life style factors wereobtained from records and personal interviews. Results: Among the 188 patients, cleft lip and palate(CLP) was the most frequent subtype (55.8%), followed by cleft lip only (CLO, 25.0%) and cleft palateonly (CPO, 19.2%). Caucasian males were the most affected, although no differences among typesof cleft were observed. The otorhinolaryngologic and respiratory alterations were the most frequentsystemic alterations in NSCL/P patients, and more than 80% of the NSCL/P mothers reported novitamin supplements during the first trimester of pregnancy. Conclusions: This study revealed thatthe prevalence of nonsyndromic oral cleft types in this cohort was quite similar to previously reportedprevalence rates. Systemic alterations were identified among 23.4% of the patients and patientswith CLP were the most affected. History of maternal exposition to environmental factors related tononsyndromic oral clefts was frequent and most mothers reported no vitamin supplements duringthe pregnancy. This study highlights the importance of identifying systemic alterations and riskfactors associated with NSCL/P in the Brazilian population for planning comprehensive strategiesand integrated actions for the development of preventive programs and treatment.

Leucoplasia pilosa oral no contexto atual da AIDS / Oral hairy leukoplakia in the current context of the AIDS

A leucoplasia pilosa é uma lesão especifica da mucosa oral frequentemente observada em borda lateral de lingua de pacientes HIV positivos. O seu aparecimento é indicativo de infecção inicial pelo HIV e progressão da doenca para AIDS. Esta fortemente associada a imunodepressao grave (contagem de linfócitos T CD4+< 200 celulas/ml). Acredita-se que a lesão seja resultado de uma infecção pelo virus Epstein-Barr(EBV) nas células epiteliais. Clinicamente, é caracterizada por uma placa branca, elevada, corrugada, não removível à raspagem, assintomática e acometendo, preferencialmente, a borda lateral da lingua bilateralmente. Histologicamente observa-se acantose, hiperparaqueratose, células balonizantes na camada espinhosa do epitélio com inclusões virais intranucleares e ausência de infiltrado inflamatório subepitelial. Em cerca de 30 porcento dos casos pode-se observar pseudo-hifas de Candida sp na camada de paraqueratina. O diagnostico definitivo da lesão é feito pela demonstração do virus.